{"id":8280,"date":"2026-01-20T16:12:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T19:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/?page_id=8280"},"modified":"2026-01-20T22:02:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T01:02:03","slug":"actividad-solar-mas-info","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/?page_id=8280","title":{"rendered":"Actividad Solar (m\u00e1s info)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8280\" class=\"elementor elementor-8280\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd934b6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd934b6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6f060c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a6f060c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Corona solar (SOHO LASCO)<\/h2>\r\n<div style=\"display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:20px;\">\r\n  <div style=\"flex:1; min-width:250px;\">\r\n    <h3>Corona interna (LASCO C2)<\/h3>\r\n    <img decoding=\"async\" \r\n      src=\"https:\/\/soho.nascom.nasa.gov\/data\/realtime\/c2\/512\/latest.jpg\" \r\n      alt=\"Corona solar interna SOHO LASCO C2\" \r\n      style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto;\">\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div style=\"flex:1; min-width:250px;\">\r\n    <h3>Corona externa (LASCO C3)<\/h3>\r\n    <img decoding=\"async\" \r\n      src=\"https:\/\/soho.nascom.nasa.gov\/data\/realtime\/c3\/512\/latest.jpg\" \r\n      alt=\"Corona solar externa SOHO LASCO C3\" \r\n      style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto;\">\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<small>Im\u00e1genes cortes\u00eda de SOHO (ESA\/NASA).<\/small>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f0d7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d8f0d7d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a4882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d3a4882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>El Sol hoy (SDO)<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>AIA 171 \u00c5 (corona)<\/h3>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" \r\n  src=\"https:\/\/sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov\/assets\/img\/latest\/latest_1024_0171.jpg\" \r\n  alt=\"\u00daltima imagen SDO AIA 171 \u00c5\" \r\n  style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto;\">\r\n<p>Canal 171 \u00c5 del instrumento AIA en SDO, que muestra estructuras de la corona solar relativamente fr\u00eda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>HMI Continuum (fotosfera)<\/h3>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" \r\n  src=\"https:\/\/sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov\/assets\/img\/latest\/latest_1024_HMIIC.jpg\" \r\n  alt=\"\u00daltima imagen SDO HMI Continuum\" \r\n  style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto;\">\r\n<p>Imagen del disco solar en luz visible, donde se aprecian las manchas solares en la superficie del Sol.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<small>Im\u00e1genes cortes\u00eda de SDO (NASA).<\/small>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f33061e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f33061e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b10623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1b10623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Fulguraciones solares (flujo de rayos X GOES)<\/h2>\r\n<p>El gr\u00e1fico muestra el flujo de rayos X medido por los sat\u00e9lites GOES en las \u00faltimas 24 horas. Los picos m\u00e1s altos representan fulguraciones solares m\u00e1s intensas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; height:400px;\">\r\n  <canvas id=\"xraysChart\"><\/canvas>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<small>Datos en tiempo real: NOAA SWPC \/ GOES.<\/small>\r\n\r\n<!-- Cargar Chart.js desde CDN -->\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chart.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ Esperar a que el DOM del widget est\u00e9 listo\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n  fetch('https:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/json\/goes\/primary\/xrays-1-day.json')\r\n    .then(function(res) { return res.json(); })\r\n    .then(function(data) {\r\n      var times = data.map(function(point) { return point.time_tag; });\r\n      var longFlux = data.map(function(point) { return point.xray_flux_long; });   \/\/ 1\u20138 \u00c5\r\n      var shortFlux = data.map(function(point) { return point.xray_flux_short; }); \/\/ 0.5\u20134 \u00c5\r\n\r\n      var ctx = document.getElementById('xraysChart').getContext('2d');\r\n\r\n      new Chart(ctx, {\r\n        type: 'line',\r\n        data: {\r\n          labels: times,\r\n          datasets: [\r\n            {\r\n              label: 'Flujo 1\u20138 \u00c5',\r\n              data: longFlux,\r\n              borderColor: 'orange',\r\n              borderWidth: 1,\r\n              pointRadius: 0\r\n            },\r\n            {\r\n              label: 'Flujo 0.5\u20134 \u00c5',\r\n              data: shortFlux,\r\n              borderColor: 'red',\r\n              borderWidth: 1,\r\n              pointRadius: 0\r\n            }\r\n          ]\r\n        },\r\n        options: {\r\n          responsive: true,\r\n          maintainAspectRatio: false,\r\n          interaction: {\r\n            mode: 'index',\r\n            intersect: false\r\n          },\r\n          scales: {\r\n            x: {\r\n              ticks: { maxTicksLimit: 8 }\r\n            },\r\n            y: {\r\n              type: 'logarithmic',\r\n              title: { display: true, text: 'Flujo de rayos X (W\/m\u00b2)' }\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n          plugins: {\r\n            legend: { position: 'bottom' }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    })\r\n    .catch(function(error) {\r\n      console.error('Error al cargar datos de rayos X:', error);\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c84db5e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c84db5e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f286bd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f286bd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\thttps:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/json\/goes\/primary\/xrays-1-day.json\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72fc1ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"72fc1ef\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7026ed1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7026ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Gr\u00e1fico del \u00edndice Kp (\u00faltimos d\u00edas)<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\n  El siguiente gr\u00e1fico muestra la evoluci\u00f3n del \u00edndice Kp (geomagn\u00e9tico planetario) en intervalos de 3 horas.\r\n  Valores iguales o superiores a 5 indican una tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica (G1 o mayor en la escala NOAA).\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; height:400px;\">\r\n  <canvas id=\"kpChart\"><\/canvas>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<small>\r\n  Datos observados: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, \u00edndice K planetario en intervalos de 3 horas.\r\n<\/small>\r\n\r\n<!-- Cargar Chart.js desde CDN -->\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chart.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n  var url = 'https:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/noaa-planetary-k-index.json';\r\n\r\n  fetch(url)\r\n    .then(function(res) { return res.json(); })\r\n    .then(function(json) {\r\n      \/\/ El primer elemento suele ser cabecera (texto); lo eliminamos si no es num\u00e9rico\r\n      if (Array.isArray(json) && json.length > 0 && isNaN(parseFloat(json[0][1]))) {\r\n        json = json.slice(1);\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      \/\/ Nos quedamos con los \u00faltimos 40 valores (~5 d\u00edas) para que el gr\u00e1fico sea legible\r\n      var last = json.slice(-40);\r\n\r\n      var labels = [];\r\n      var kpValues = [];\r\n\r\n      last.forEach(function(row) {\r\n        var timeTag = row[0];       \/\/ fecha\/hora UT\r\n        var kpValue = parseFloat(row[1]); \/\/ valor Kp\r\n\r\n        if (isNaN(kpValue)) return;\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Etiqueta m\u00e1s corta (ej. \"01-20 03UT\")\r\n        var date = new Date(timeTag + 'Z'); \/\/ asegurar UTC\r\n        var month = (date.getUTCMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var day = date.getUTCDate().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var hour = date.getUTCHours().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        labels.push(month + '-' + day + ' ' + hour + 'UT');\r\n\r\n        kpValues.push(kpValue);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      var ctx = document.getElementById('kpChart').getContext('2d');\r\n\r\n      new Chart(ctx, {\r\n        type: 'bar',\r\n        data: {\r\n          labels: labels,\r\n          datasets: [\r\n            {\r\n              type: 'bar',\r\n              label: 'Kp (3 h)',\r\n              data: kpValues,\r\n              backgroundColor: kpValues.map(function(v) {\r\n                \/\/ Colores seg\u00fan intensidad aproximada\r\n                if (v >= 8) return 'rgba(200, 0, 0, 0.8)';      \/\/ muy intenso\r\n                if (v >= 7) return 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.8)';   \/\/ fuerte\r\n                if (v >= 6) return 'rgba(255, 159, 64, 0.8)';   \/\/ moderado\r\n                if (v >= 5) return 'rgba(255, 206, 86, 0.8)';   \/\/ menor\r\n                if (v >= 3) return 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 0.8)';   \/\/ algo elevado\r\n                return 'rgba(54, 162, 235, 0.8)';               \/\/ tranquilo\r\n              }),\r\n              borderWidth: 1\r\n            },\r\n            {\r\n              type: 'line',\r\n              label: 'L\u00ednea Kp',\r\n              data: kpValues,\r\n              borderColor: 'black',\r\n              borderWidth: 1,\r\n              pointRadius: 0,\r\n              fill: false\r\n            }\r\n          ]\r\n        },\r\n        options: {\r\n          responsive: true,\r\n          maintainAspectRatio: false,\r\n          interaction: {\r\n            mode: 'index',\r\n            intersect: false\r\n          },\r\n          scales: {\r\n            x: {\r\n              ticks: { maxTicksLimit: 10, autoSkip: true }\r\n            },\r\n            y: {\r\n              beginAtZero: true,\r\n              suggestedMax: 9,\r\n              title: {\r\n                display: true,\r\n                text: 'Kp (0\u20139)'\r\n              }\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n          plugins: {\r\n            legend: { position: 'bottom' }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    })\r\n    .catch(function(err) {\r\n      console.error('Error al cargar Kp para gr\u00e1fico:', err);\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c71b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"38c71b3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26bcdf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"26bcdf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>\u00cdndice K planetario (Kp)<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\n  El \u00edndice Kp es una medida global de la actividad geomagn\u00e9tica, con valores entre 0 y 9.\r\n  Valores iguales o superiores a 5 indican una tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica, que NOAA clasifica\r\n  en la escala G1 a G5 (de menor a extrema).\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"kpTable\" style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px;\">Hora (UT)<\/th>\r\n      <th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px;\">Kp<\/th>\r\n      <th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px;\">Nivel NOAA<\/th>\r\n      <th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr><td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px;\">Cargando datos...<\/td><\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<small>\r\n  Datos estimados: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. El Kp se calcula a partir de una\r\n  red de magnet\u00f3metros distribuidos globalmente y se actualiza en intervalos de 1 minuto\r\n  (estimado) y de 3 horas (oficial).\r\n<\/small>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ Devuelve texto de nivel G seg\u00fan Kp (escala NOAA)\r\nfunction getGScale(kp) {\r\n  if (kp >= 9) return 'G5 (Tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica extrema)';\r\n  if (kp >= 8) return 'G4 (Tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica severa)';\r\n  if (kp >= 7) return 'G3 (Tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica fuerte)';\r\n  if (kp >= 6) return 'G2 (Tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica moderada)';\r\n  if (kp >= 5) return 'G1 (Tormenta geomagn\u00e9tica menor)';\r\n  return 'Por debajo de tormenta (Kp < 5)';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ Breve descripci\u00f3n para el p\u00fablico general\r\nfunction getDescription(kp) {\r\n  if (kp >= 9) return 'Condiciones extremas: perturbaciones graves de la magnetosfera, posibles efectos amplios en redes el\u00e9ctricas y sistemas de navegaci\u00f3n.';\r\n  if (kp >= 8) return 'Condiciones muy intensas: probables auroras en latitudes medias y posibles impactos en redes el\u00e9ctricas y comunicaciones.';\r\n  if (kp >= 7) return 'Actividad fuerte: auroras visibles en latitudes m\u00e1s bajas de lo habitual y posibles perturbaciones en comunicaciones de alta frecuencia.';\r\n  if (kp >= 6) return 'Actividad moderada: aumento de auroras en latitudes medias y ligeras perturbaciones en sistemas t\u00e9cnicos.';\r\n  if (kp >= 5) return 'Actividad menor: posibles auroras visibles en latitudes m\u00e1s altas y peque\u00f1as perturbaciones geomagn\u00e9ticas.';\r\n  if (kp >= 3) return 'Actividad levemente elevada, pero generalmente sin efectos notables para la mayor\u00eda de los sistemas.';\r\n  return 'Condiciones geomagn\u00e9ticas tranquilas, sin efectos significativos esperados.';\r\n}\r\n\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n  \/\/ Endpoint estimado de Kp con resoluci\u00f3n de 1 minuto (\u00faltimas ~6 horas)\r\n  var url = 'https:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/noaa-planetary-k-index.json';\r\n\r\n\r\n  fetch(url)\r\n    .then(function(res) { return res.json(); })\r\n    .then(function(json) {\r\n      \/\/ Primera fila suele ser cabecera; la eliminamos si es texto\r\n      if (Array.isArray(json) && json.length > 0 && isNaN(parseFloat(json[0][1]))) {\r\n        json = json.slice(1);\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      \/\/ Tomamos los \u00faltimos 8 registros (aprox. \u00faltimas horas) y los ordenamos por tiempo\r\n      var last = json.slice(-8);\r\n\r\n      var tbody = document.querySelector('#kpTable tbody');\r\n      tbody.innerHTML = '';\r\n\r\n      last.forEach(function(row) {\r\n        var timeTag = row[0];   \/\/ fecha\/hora UT\r\n        var kpValue = parseFloat(row[1]); \/\/ valor Kp estimado\r\n\r\n        if (isNaN(kpValue)) return;\r\n\r\n        var tr = document.createElement('tr');\r\n\r\n        var tdTime = document.createElement('td');\r\n        tdTime.textContent = timeTag;\r\n        tdTime.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';\r\n        tdTime.style.padding = '4px';\r\n\r\n        var tdKp = document.createElement('td');\r\n        tdKp.textContent = kpValue.toFixed(1);\r\n        tdKp.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';\r\n        tdKp.style.padding = '4px';\r\n\r\n        var tdG = document.createElement('td');\r\n        tdG.textContent = getGScale(kpValue);\r\n        tdG.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';\r\n        tdG.style.padding = '4px';\r\n\r\n        var tdDesc = document.createElement('td');\r\n        tdDesc.textContent = getDescription(kpValue);\r\n        tdDesc.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';\r\n        tdDesc.style.padding = '4px';\r\n\r\n        tr.appendChild(tdTime);\r\n        tr.appendChild(tdKp);\r\n        tr.appendChild(tdG);\r\n        tr.appendChild(tdDesc);\r\n\r\n        tbody.appendChild(tr);\r\n      });\r\n    })\r\n    .catch(function(err) {\r\n      console.error('Error al cargar Kp:', err);\r\n      var tbody = document.querySelector('#kpTable tbody');\r\n      tbody.innerHTML = '<tr><td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:4px; color:red;\">No se pudieron cargar los datos del \u00edndice Kp.<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fd89ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3fd89ab\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464cf9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"464cf9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\thttps:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/noaa-planetary-k-index.json\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca2f30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8ca2f30\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891b87d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"891b87d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Tormentas de radiaci\u00f3n solar (\u00faltimos 3 d\u00edas)<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\nEl gr\u00e1fico muestra el flujo de protones solares (\u226510 MeV) medido por GOES durante los \u00faltimos 3 d\u00edas.\r\nCuando el flujo alcanza o supera 10 pfu, NOAA clasifica el evento como tormenta de radiaci\u00f3n solar S1\r\no mayor en la escala S1\u2013S5.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; height:450px;\">\r\n  <canvas id=\"protonFluxChart\"><\/canvas>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<small>\r\nDatos en tiempo casi real: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (GOES integral protons, \u226510 MeV).\r\n<\/small>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chart.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n  \/\/ JSON de 3 d\u00edas (>=10 MeV incluido en integral-protons)\r\n  var url = 'https:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/json\/goes\/primary\/integral-protons-3-day.json';\r\n\r\n  fetch(url)\r\n    .then(function(res) { return res.json(); })\r\n    .then(function(json) {\r\n      if (!Array.isArray(json) || json.length === 0) {\r\n        throw new Error('Respuesta vac\u00eda');\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      \/\/ La primera fila suele ser cabecera; si lo es, la eliminamos\r\n      if (isNaN(parseFloat(json[0][1]))) {\r\n        json = json.slice(1);\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      var labels = [];\r\n      var fluxValues = [];\r\n\r\n      json.forEach(function(row) {\r\n        var timeTag = row[0];      \/\/ fecha\/hora UT\r\n        var flux = parseFloat(row[1]); \/\/ flujo \u226510 MeV en pfu (integral)\r\n\r\n        if (isNaN(flux) || flux < 0) return;\r\n\r\n        var date = new Date(timeTag + 'Z');\r\n        var month = (date.getUTCMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var day   = date.getUTCDate().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var hour  = date.getUTCHours().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var min   = date.getUTCMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n\r\n        labels.push(month + '-' + day + ' ' + hour + ':' + min + ' UT');\r\n        fluxValues.push(flux);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      var ctx = document.getElementById('protonFluxChart').getContext('2d');\r\n\r\n      new Chart(ctx, {\r\n        type: 'line',\r\n        data: {\r\n          labels: labels,\r\n          datasets: [{\r\n            label: 'Flujo de protones (\u226510 MeV, pfu)',\r\n            data: fluxValues,\r\n            borderColor: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)',\r\n            backgroundColor: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.1)',\r\n            borderWidth: 2,\r\n            pointRadius: 0,\r\n            fill: true,\r\n            tension: 0.3\r\n          }]\r\n        },\r\n        options: {\r\n          responsive: true,\r\n          maintainAspectRatio: false,\r\n          plugins: {\r\n            legend: { position: 'top' },\r\n            tooltip: {\r\n              callbacks: {\r\n                label: function(context) {\r\n                  var flux = context.parsed.y;\r\n                  var level = 'Normal';\r\n                  if (flux >= 100000) level = 'S5 (Extrema)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 10000) level = 'S4 (Severa)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 1000) level = 'S3 (Fuerte)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 100) level = 'S2 (Moderada)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 10) level = 'S1 (Menor)';\r\n                  return 'Flujo: ' + flux.toFixed(1) + ' pfu | ' + level;\r\n                }\r\n              }\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n          scales: {\r\n            x: {\r\n              ticks: { maxTicksLimit: 12, autoSkip: true }\r\n            },\r\n            y: {\r\n              type: 'logarithmic',\r\n              min: 1,\r\n              max: 100000,\r\n              title: {\r\n                display: true,\r\n                text: 'Flujo de protones (pfu, escala logar\u00edtmica)'\r\n              }\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    })\r\n    .catch(function(err) {\r\n      console.error('Error al cargar datos de protones (3 d\u00edas):', err);\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e561089 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e561089\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f45aa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9f45aa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Tormentas de radiaci\u00f3n solar (S1\u2013S5)<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\nEl siguiente gr\u00e1fico muestra el flujo de protones solares (\u226510 MeV) en las \u00faltimas 24 horas.\r\nCuando el flujo alcanza o supera 10 pfu, NOAA emite una alerta de tormenta de radiaci\u00f3n solar (S1 o superior).\r\nLos valores se actualizan autom\u00e1ticamente varios veces al d\u00eda.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; height:450px;\">\r\n  <canvas id=\"protonFluxChart\"><\/canvas>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<small>\r\nDatos en tiempo real: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. Flujo de protones integrado (\u226510 MeV) del sat\u00e9lite GOES primario.\r\n<\/small>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chart.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\r\n  var url = 'https:\/\/services.swpc.noaa.gov\/json\/goes\/primary\/integral-protons-1-day.json';\r\n\r\n  fetch(url)\r\n    .then(function(res) { return res.json(); })\r\n    .then(function(json) {\r\n      if (!Array.isArray(json) || json.length === 0) {\r\n        throw new Error('Respuesta vac\u00eda');\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      \/\/ La primera fila suele ser cabecera; si es texto, la eliminamos\r\n      if (isNaN(parseFloat(json[0][1]))) {\r\n        json = json.slice(1);\r\n      }\r\n\r\n      \/\/ Usamos todos los datos del d\u00eda (aproximadamente \u00faltimas 24 h)\r\n      var labels = [];\r\n      var fluxValues = [];\r\n\r\n      json.forEach(function(row) {\r\n        var timeTag = row[0]; \/\/ fecha\/hora UT\r\n        var flux = parseFloat(row[1]); \/\/ flujo en pfu (>= 10 MeV)\r\n\r\n        if (isNaN(flux) || flux < 0) return; \/\/ ignorar valores inv\u00e1lidos\r\n\r\n        \/\/ Etiqueta corta: hh:mm UT\r\n        var date = new Date(timeTag + 'Z');\r\n        var hour = date.getUTCHours().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        var min  = date.getUTCMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0');\r\n        labels.push(hour + ':' + min + ' UT');\r\n\r\n        fluxValues.push(flux);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      var ctx = document.getElementById('protonFluxChart').getContext('2d');\r\n\r\n      new Chart(ctx, {\r\n        type: 'line',\r\n        data: {\r\n          labels: labels,\r\n          datasets: [{\r\n            label: 'Flujo de protones (\u226510 MeV, pfu)',\r\n            data: fluxValues,\r\n            borderColor: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)',\r\n            backgroundColor: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.1)',\r\n            borderWidth: 2,\r\n            pointRadius: 0,\r\n            fill: true,\r\n            tension: 0.3\r\n          }]\r\n        },\r\n        options: {\r\n          responsive: true,\r\n          maintainAspectRatio: false,\r\n          plugins: {\r\n            legend: { position: 'top' },\r\n            tooltip: {\r\n              callbacks: {\r\n                label: function(context) {\r\n                  var flux = context.parsed.y;\r\n                  var level = 'Normal';\r\n                  if (flux >= 100000) level = 'S5 (Extrema)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 10000) level = 'S4 (Severa)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 1000) level = 'S3 (Fuerte)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 100) level = 'S2 (Moderada)';\r\n                  else if (flux >= 10) level = 'S1 (Menor)';\r\n                  return 'Flujo: ' + flux.toFixed(1) + ' pfu | ' + level;\r\n                }\r\n              }\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n          scales: {\r\n            x: {\r\n              ticks: { maxTicksLimit: 12, autoSkip: true }\r\n            },\r\n            y: {\r\n              type: 'logarithmic',\r\n              min: 1,\r\n              max: 100000,\r\n              title: {\r\n                display: true,\r\n                text: 'Flujo de protones (pfu, escala logar\u00edtmica)'\r\n              }\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    })\r\n    .catch(function(err) {\r\n      console.error('Error al cargar datos de protones:', err);\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4defb9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d4defb9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f6a13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"e4f6a13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las tormentas de radiaci\u00f3n solar?<\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nLas tormentas de radiaci\u00f3n solar ocurren cuando una potente erupci\u00f3n magn\u00e9tica en el Sol \r\n(frecuentemente acompa\u00f1ada de una eyecci\u00f3n de masa coronal) acelera part\u00edculas cargadas, \r\nprincipalmente protones, a velocidades cercanas a la luz.[web:73] Estas part\u00edculas pueden \r\nalcanzar la Tierra en cuesti\u00f3n de minutos a horas.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\nLos protones m\u00e1s energ\u00e9ticos pueden penetrar las defensas magn\u00e9ticas de la Tierra y viajar \r\npor las l\u00edneas del campo magn\u00e9tico hacia las regiones polares, donde se sumergen en la \r\natm\u00f3sfera superior.[web:73]\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Clasificaci\u00f3n NOAA (escala S1\u2013S5)<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li>\r\n    <strong>S1 (Menor, \u226510 pfu)<\/strong>: Aumentos leves de radiaci\u00f3n en \u00f3rbita. \r\n    Sin efectos significativos para la mayor\u00eda de sistemas terrestres y satelitales.[web:67]\r\n  <\/li>\r\n  <li>\r\n    <strong>S2 (Moderada, \u2265100 pfu)<\/strong>: Radiaci\u00f3n moderada en \u00f3rbita. \r\n    Posibles errores en sat\u00e9lites de comunicaciones y navegaci\u00f3n; efectos menores en astronautas.[web:67]\r\n  <\/li>\r\n  <li>\r\n    <strong>S3 (Fuerte, \u22651,000 pfu)<\/strong>: Radiaci\u00f3n elevada en \u00f3rbita. \r\n    Riesgo para sat\u00e9lites de comunicaciones, navegaci\u00f3n GPS y operaciones espaciales.[web:67][web:70]\r\n  <\/li>\r\n  <li>\r\n    <strong>S4 (Severa, \u226510,000 pfu)<\/strong>: Radiaci\u00f3n muy elevada. \r\n    Da\u00f1os potenciales en sat\u00e9lites; necesario apagar sistemas electr\u00f3nicos sensibles en \u00f3rbita.[web:67][web:70]\r\n  <\/li>\r\n  <li>\r\n    <strong>S5 (Extrema, \u2265100,000 pfu)<\/strong>: Radiaci\u00f3n extrema (evento raro). \r\n    Da\u00f1o severo en sat\u00e9lites; necesaria evacuaci\u00f3n de astronautas de \u00e1reas expuestas.[web:67][web:70]\r\n  <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4>Riesgos seg\u00fan clasificaci\u00f3n<\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Sistemas espaciales:<\/strong> Los sat\u00e9lites de comunicaciones, GPS y meteorol\u00f3gicos son los m\u00e1s vulnerables. \r\nEventos S3 o superiores pueden causar apagones en sistemas de navegaci\u00f3n, telecomunicaciones y transmisiones de datos.[web:71]\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Astronautas y vuelos polares:<\/strong> Los tripulantes en \u00f3rbita baja y los pasajeros\/tripulantes en rutas polares \r\nreciben dosis adicionales de radiaci\u00f3n. En eventos S4 o S5, se requieren medidas de protecci\u00f3n especiales.[web:67][web:73]\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Sistemas terrestres:<\/strong> Los apagones por tormentas de radiaci\u00f3n son raros pero posibles. \r\nTransformadores de alta tensi\u00f3n y sistemas de potencia pueden verse afectados en eventos S4\u2013S5.[web:67][web:71]\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Comunicaciones:<\/strong> Las ondas de radio de alta frecuencia (HF) pueden experimentar interferencias importantes, \r\nespecialmente en eventos S3 o superiores, afectando comunicaciones de aviaci\u00f3n, mar\u00edtimas y militares.[web:67]\r\n<\/p>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Corona solar (SOHO LASCO) Corona interna (LASCO C2) Corona externa (LASCO C3) Im\u00e1genes cortes\u00eda de SOHO (ESA\/NASA). El Sol hoy (SDO) AIA 171 \u00c5 (corona) Canal 171 \u00c5 del instrumento AIA en SDO, que muestra estructuras de la corona solar relativamente fr\u00eda. HMI Continuum (fotosfera) &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/?page_id=8280\" class=\"more-link\"><span>Seguir leyendo<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Actividad Solar (m\u00e1s info)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8280"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8298,"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8280\/revisions\/8298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elfirmamento.com.ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}